The tai kadai family of languages has also been called kadai and kradai, as deftly explained by editoranthonyv. Thai is a taikadai language spoken by about 65 million people mainly in thailand, and also in the midway islands, singapore, the ua. Nov 11, 2016 the taikadai tk language family is thought to have originated in southern china and spread to thailand and laos, but it is not clear if tk languages spread by demic diffusion i. Library of congress cataloguing in publication data. Nonetheless, the fact that they share a number of typological characteristics including tonality and monosyllabicity, as. Furthermore, thai is often used for several languages spoken in thailand e. It is closely related to many tai varieties spoken across southeast asia, including lao and shan thai yay lewis 2009. Aak was a daughter language of pan, and a close relative of pmp. Evidence for early contact with tai kadai languages is shared.
A group which has been consistently portrayed in america and the west as the wise, exotic and mystic heart of the far east. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Languages of the world last time i checked data was bound in a pdf but that may have changed. Like kam and zhuang the word order within the np requires the numeralthe. Tai languages are a branch of the kradai language family mostly spoken in southeast asia. The an family is restricted to southern thailand with just six languages lewis et al. He further listed a number of specifically malayopolynesian features in the vocabulary shared by taikadai and austronesian, concluding that taikadai is a subgroup within, rather than a related group of, austronesian. Further evidence that the the taikadai languages, contrary to common sense, are a subgroup of austronesian specifically.
This study has found that there are three kinds of general classifiers in the tai. Muish, is deemed to have been spoken in or near ne formosan. The author first surveyed the geographic distribution of the journal of chinese linguistics vol. Shuiyu diaocha baogao 73 report on investigations of the sui language henceforth sdb. The proposed change is a change in language type, e. Kadai language a family of sinotibetan languages spoken in southeastern asia kadai, kam tai sinotibetan, sinotibetan language the family of. The volume also includes much new material on lao and other tai kadai languages, several of which are described here for the first time. The taikadai languages routledge language family series kindle edition by diller, anthony, edmondson, jerry, luo, yongxian, diller, anthony, edmondson, jerry, luo, yongxian. Taikadai languages, lao people, shan, thai yuan, dai people, zhuang people, buyei, nung people, ahoms, tay people by hephaestus.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The tai branch is the largest and has the widest distribution with members in thailand, laos, vietnam, myanmar, china and india. Based on tonal splits and mergers, thai song is distinguished from the lao language and other lao ethnic group languages as a member of the tai language group brown 1965. New dialect geography research is now needed for understudied tai kadai languages. They include thai and lao, the national languages of thailand and laos. The tai kadai languages provides a unique, comprehensive, singlevolume tome. Tai is a family of related languages and dialects, a subgroup of the tai kadai languages, spoken by more than 85 million speakers in southern china and sou this paper uses gis to map the spatial distribution of tai toponyms muang, chiang and viang and analyzes their relationship with terrain characteristics.
The routledge language family series is aimed at undergraduates and postgraduates of linguistics and language, or those with an interest in historical. With close to 100 million speakers, tai kadai constitutes one of the worlds major language families. To address this and other questions, we obtained 1234 complete mtdna. The other branches and ong be are restricted to southern china and north vietnam. Tai kadai 100wordlists compiled by ilya peiros the swadesh wordlist for tai kadai languages. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook. The taikadai languages routledge language family series. Gis mapping and analysis of tai linguistic and settlement patterns in south china. Amerindian sinotibetan nigercongo indoeuropean papuan sinotibetan and tai kadai khoisan and dravidian indoeuropean and austronesian afroasiatic and nigercongo altaic and uralic. Linguistic research on the origins of the vietnamese. Taikadai multilingual support templates to the end of the template code, making sure it starts on the same line as the codes last character.
They include the languages spoken in thailand, laos, vietnam, singapore, chaozhou and hainan. Click download or read online button to get the tai kadai languages book now. Numbers from 1 to 10 in over 5000 languages compiled by mark rosenfelder. Aug 25, 2016 the taikadai languages, also known as kradai, daic, and kadai are a language family of highly tonal languages found in southern china, northeast india and southeast asia. The taikadai languages resources for thai language research. Other articles where taikadai languages is discussed. Shan is a member of the tai kadai language family, and is related to thai. The taikadai languages and their genetic affiliation iias. Because the word thai has been designated as the official name of the language of thailand, it would be confusing to use it for the various other languages of the family as well. The daic or taikadai languages are spoken from southern thailand into laos, cambodia and china. Affected identifier reference name change type change attribute retirement reason. Thai song belongs to the southwestern branch of the tai kadai language family li 1960.
Niger congo swahili is the first language of 800,000 ppl, official language of tanzania and spoken by 30 million africans. In the same way that structural or historical analyses of a particular southeast asian language can shed light on area languages, sui dialectology can provide insights for area languages as well. Sep 03, 2010 the taikadai family of languages has also been called kadai and kradai, as deftly explained by editoranthonyv. A comparison of general classifiers in taikadai languages. Altaic most speakers are turkish, became most official languages of countries when soviet union broke up. The tai kadai languages download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl. The core basic vocabulary in shanghainese is significantly different from mandarin, with many words instead being cognates with tai kadai languages. A comparison of general classifiers in tai kadai languages the languages of tai kadai language family show an extended usage of classifiers that are originally used with fruit or spherical objects. Layers of chinese loanwords in protosouthwestern tai. Sagart 2004 introduced a radical new view of the higherlevel branching of austronesian languages that has been challenged by others, but that he has continued to maintain and develop over the succeeding decade. Inferring the population history of taikadaispeaking people and southernmost han chinese on hainan island by genomewide array genotyping. The former assumption that tai and its relatives belonged to the. Thai lesson thai is a tonal language that is a member of the tai group of the tai kadai language family and is spoken throughout the southeast asian country of thailand.
Media in category tai kadai languages the following 12 files are in this category, out of 12 total. The taikadai languages provides a unique, comprehensive, singlevolume tome covering much needed grammatical descriptions in the area. It is called tai yai, or tai long in the tai languages. The tai kadai tk language family is thought to have originated in southern china and spread to thailand and laos, but it is not clear if tk languages spread by demic diffusion i. Kadai language definition of kadai language by the free. Tai languages, closely related family of languages, of which the thai language of thailand is the most important member. The kradai languages also known as taikadai, daic and kadai are a language family of tonal languages found in mainland southeast asia, southern china, and northeast india. This article looks at four hypotheses regarding the linguistic origins of vietnamese, hypotheses that place. Taikadai comes from an obsolete bifurcation of the family into two branches. Tai is a branch of the kradai language family, also known as tai kadai, chinese belongs to the sinotibetan family.
Another look 1 robert blust university of hawaii abstract. The term shan is an exonym believed to be a burmese derivative of siam. Tai, kamsui, kra or kadai and hlai, plus the isolate ong be. Affected identifier reference name change type change attribute retirement reason create request file retirement remedy new value.
The higher phylogeny of austronesian and the position of tai kadai1 laurent sagart cnrs, paris 1 this is a modified version of a paper presented at the workshop on les premiers austronesiens. The tai kadai languages the tai kadai languages provides a unique, comprehensive, singlevolume tome covering much needed grammatical descriptions in the area. The term tai is now wellestablished as the generic name in english. It presents an important overview of thai that includes extensive crossreferencing to other sections of the volume and signposting to sources in the bibliography. Change request file region group language family group. This document pdf may be used for research, teaching and private study.
The kra dai languages also known as tai kadai, daic and kadai are a language family of tonal languages found in mainland southeast asia, southern china, and northeast india. In most of its features, however, the kra or kadai languages resemble sister groups in the kam tai branch. Especially since the publication of ostapirat 2000. Kamsui a group of kadai languages tai the most widespread and best known of the kadai family of languages white tai a branch of the tai languages red tai a branch of the tai languages black tai. Pertaining to the taikadai language family, or of languages and. May 23, 2009 tai is a family of related languages and dialects, a subgroup of the tai kadai languages, spoken by more than 85 million speakers in southern china and southeast asia. Notes and warnings sources families and ethnomathematics writing systems contact me. Diller anthony, edmondson jerry, luo yongxian editors. This paper uses gis to map the spatial distribution of tai toponyms muang, chiang and viang and analyzes their relationship with terrain characteristics. Gelao and buyang bear many similarities to austronesian languages, and are often proposed to be the missing links between the taikadai and austronesian families. Pdf inferring the population history of taikadaispeaking.
The resulting creoloid syntax ansaldo and matthews 2001 has remained robust in china and mainland southeast asia. Major languages of this language family include thai and lao. Pdf taikadai and austronesian are related at multiple. There is a total of about 93 million people of tai ancestry worldwide, with the largest ethnic groups being dai, thais, isan, shan, lao, ahom, and northern thai peoples. Wu dialects in shanghais rural suburbs have as many as 100 cognates with tai languages within one thousand common words surveyed li. Kadai language synonyms, kadai language pronunciation, kadai language translation, english dictionary definition of kadai language. Tai people refers to the population of descendants of speakers of a common tai language, including subpopulations that no longer speak a tai language. They include thai and lao, the national languages of thailand and laos respectively. The taikadai languages, also known as kradai, daic, and kadai are a language family of highly tonal languages found in southern china, northeast india. Muchneeded and highly useful, the tai kadai languages is a key work for professionals and students in linguistics, as well as anthropologists and area studies specialists. While the various languages spoken in this region are distinct from one another, the region does share some prominent characteristics in their cuisine. He took these facts as indications that benedicts austrotai cannot be explained as a contact phenomenon. The main focus of this paper, therefore, is to investigate the genuine general classifiers. A major language family spoken in large parts of southeast asia, now more commonly called kradai.
The tai kadai languages provides a unique, comprehensive. Benedict has suggested a number of important vocabulary reconstructions for. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the tai kadai languages routledge language family. Because the word thai has been designated as the official name of the language of thailand, it would be confusing to use it for the various other languages of. The royal thai general system of transcription rtgs, the official standard for the romanisation of thai, is used here.
The routledge language family series is aimed at undergraduates and postgraduates of linguistics and language, or those with an interest in historical linguistics, linguistics anthropology and language development. Click download or read online button to get a study of final particles in conversational thai book now. I will therefore hypothesize that tai kadai has its origin in an early austronesian language called here aak austronesian ancestor of tai kadai. Now approximately 50 years later, fieldwork was conducted with 33 speakers representing 17 locations.
Thai, their bestknown representative, dominates thailand, but the language family is generally considered to originate in south china, where they are most diverse. A study of final particles in conversational thai download. Reviewing the prehistoric linguistic relationships of the taikadai. The first two fields contain items from protozhuang tai and protokamsui taken from reconstructions in the etymological databases, also available onsite that are most likely to have represented the respective swadesh notions in these protolanguages. It is typically grouped under the southwest tai branch, in the chiang saen d ivision, along with thai central thai. The tai kadai languages provides a unique, comprehensive, singlevolume tome covering much needed grammatical descriptions in the area. The tai languages include the most widely spoken of the tai kadai languages, including standard thai or siamese, the national language of thailand. The relationship of tai languages to other language families. Speculations, that austronesian and taikadai form a single family.
For each country, details of each language including the region in prose. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. That early study surveyed 16 speakers representing 16 sui locations. Pdf there are three possible ways to account for the austronesian lookalikes in taikadai. Pdf gis mapping and analysis of tai linguistic and. Around 93 million people speak kra dai languages, 60% of whom speak thai. Pertaining to the taikadai language family, or of languages and families included therein. What is the origin of the tai kadai people and the rise of the thai nation. Both major families aa and tk are abstract the taikadai tk language family is thought to have originated in southern china and spread to thai. Tai kadai languages are tonal and analytic languages.
Tai languages simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Tai kadai and austronesian language families once shared a common ancestral language or chain of languages spoken on the southern chinese mainland. View tai kadai linguistics research papers on academia. While the majority of linguistic researchers both inside and outside vietnam consider the vietnamese language a monkhmer, austroasiatic language, some counterarguments and general confusion continue to exist in the public domain. In his book the tai kadai languages anthony diller claims that lao scholars he has met are not pleased with lao being regarded as a tai language.
Tai kadai kitchen aims to unify these countries and present their cuisine as if from a single region. Tai kadai speaking peoples and the austronesian connection version revised after presentation. Indigenous living languages from worldmapper primarily sourced from ethnologue. It includes the national languages of thailand thai and laos lao as well as one of the largest minority languages of myanmar shan. Northern thai, as spoken by the northern thai people, is a language of the tai kadai language family.
Tai kadai is the name of a family of languages used throughout southeast asia and southern china. Taikadai multilingual support templates to the section at the bottom of that page. It has five tones, which do not correspond exactly to thai tones, plus a sixth tone used for emphasis. The kradai languages are a language family of tonal languages found in mainland southeast asia, southern china and northeast india. Indigeneous languages of each country as excel file, no subcountry data. Words from other gelao dialects are given in square brackets. If the unicode doesnt work well for you, try the old files. Dataset of languages and where they are spoken subnational. Tai kadai languages are divided into four branches. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
The relationship of tai languages to other language families its relatives is called either taikadai or simply kadai. Taikadai as a subgroup of austronesian hal archive ouverte. Taikadai is a family of diverse languages found in southern china, northeast india and much of southeast asia, with a diaspora in north. The tai kadai languages routledge language family series kindle edition by diller, anthony, edmondson, jerry, luo, yongxian, diller, anthony, edmondson, jerry, luo, yongxian. Tai kadai kam tai be tai tai sek tai southwestern east central chiang saeng thai learn thai online this site is designed as a starting point for people who want to learn more about the thai language. A relationship between the daic tai kadai and austronesian language phyla has long been posited, but the evidence is restricted and it has been suggested that this indicates a split at the level of protoaustronesian of considerable antiquity. It is the largest group of the entire family, having more than 67 million speakers. Part d among the following pairs of language families. The former assumption that tai and its relatives belonged to the sinotibetan family is now not widely accepted. The higher phylogeny of austronesian and the position of taikadai laurent sagart to cite this version. Complete mitochondrial genomes of thai and lao populations. Many other romanisation systems are used elsewhere. The termstai, thai, and kakradai are easily confused. The higher phylogeny of austronesian and the position of taikadai.
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